Apparatus for photographically recording and reproducing sound



June 24, 1930. T. H. NAKKEN 1,767,547

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING AND RE: RODUCING SOUND Filed Nov. 1928 s Sheets -Sheet 1 INVENTOR THEODO RUS H NHKKEN M ATTORNEY m St L H. NAKKEN Filed Nov. 6, 1928 5 Sheet-Sheet 2 E0130 U5 H. NFiKKEN INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 24, 1930.

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING AND REPRODUCING SOUND June 24, 1930. T. H. NAKKEN 1,

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING AN D REPRODUCING SOUND Filed Nov. 6. 1928 I 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR THEODORUS H. NHKKEN.

ATTORNEY June 24, 1930. T. H. NAKKEN 1,767,547

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING AND REPRODUGING SOUND Filed Nov. 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG: a

/N V [i/VTO/f THEDDOHUS H. NFIKKEN June 24, 1930. T. H. NAKKEN 1,767,547

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIGALLY RECORDING AND REPRODUCING SOUND Filed Nov. 6, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR T EODORLJS H. NFiKKEN M ATTORNEY Patented June 24, 1930 THEODORUS HENDRIX NAKKEN, OF BROOKLYN,

NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR '1'0 NAKKEN PATENTS CORPORATION, A CORIPORATION 0]! DELAWARE APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING AND REP RODUCING SOUND Application filed November 0, 1928. Serial No. 317,586.

This invention comprises means, a method and a system for illuminating a film for the recording and the reproducing of a photographic'sound-record.

Heretofore it has been considered good practice to limit the portion of a moving film against which a beam of cooperating light is to fall by means of a minute slot in close proximity to the surface of the film or in contact therewith. If the slot is open, dust clogging is troublesome. is one involvmg transparent material, light loss, cost and scratching are disadvantages. An. ob'ect of my invention is to make possible t e limitation of the area of the film illuminating to a minute transverse line area in the order of 0.0005 of an inch wide While not employing any slot and leaving a relatively large area of the film exposed through a sufliciently large window to permit a visible adjustment thereon of a light beam and eliminate all dust collecting diiliculties. Previous attempts have been made to do away with the slot contiguous to the film, but great difficulties to be surmounted are presented. Commercial practice requires that the entire space whic can be devoted to the illuminating system be relatively small, namely in the order of a few inches in length. Practical commercial sources of light must be a finite size for practical operation and to deliver any substantial candle power, andthe shape of the primary source of light is difiicult of accurate defining. In addition to these difiiculties more linear space than commercial limitations permit will be required to eifect an optical'reduc-- tion of the size'of the usual primary light source to dimensions within the limits required for the illumination of the film to prevent distortion from overlap. If a shield provided with an accurately defined light orifice is interposed between a standard primary light source enclosed in the usual bulb and an optical lens system for the purpose of focusing the image on the film, such slot cannot serve as a secondary light source of suflicient intensity for practical purposes, even though lenses of large diameter are employe because of the fact If the slot that relatively from the primary light source constrains it to become in large part illuminated only by diffused light so far as much of the area of the lens is concerned. This undesirable limitation is difiicult to overcome byincreasmg the candle power of the primary light source without high candle power lamp or running a lower candle power lamp at excessive excltation to shorten its life.

It is an object of my invention to overcome all of the aforementioned difliculties by novel means, a novel method and a novel system.

More specificall I propose to eliminate all trouble from light slots against the film by doing awa with them altogether and leaving a rela ively large area of the film exposed into a simple housing containing my illuminating system. I provide definition and regular outline for the lightimage to be applied to the film by utilizing a secondary light source in the form of a slot formed in a shield located, instead of outside of the bulb of the electric lamp, actually within the bulb in close proximity to the prlmary light source; I shape the orifice in this light shield in the desired form and with the desired degree of regularity, and preferably in the form of a minute slot-like rectangle so that a reduction to one-half or three-quarter size of its image is suflicient reduction tovdeline alight line of the necessary smallness for application to the film; I utilize the normally relatively large size of the primary light source and arrange the spacing therefrom of the secondary light source and the positioning of an o tical condenser so that although the ori ce in my shield is or actually defines the image which the optical system reduces, the optical system nevertheless receives rays of light in a direct straight line from the primary light source through the orifice to substantially every point on the surfac ofthe objective lens. By this expedient I not only employ and pro ect and accurately definitely define a light ima e of small size, but provide for intense uni orm illumination of a relatively far distant spacing apart either using an impractically a large quantity large objective plifier system into current impulses corresponding to the modulations of the light beam. However, primary sources of light which may be modulated for purposes of making a photographic sound-record are inherently of less candle power or less light intensity than such a source as an incandes-' .cent tungsten filament. Heretofore I un-.

derstand that it has been necessary, when not employing this invention, to excite such a modulable light .source beyond a degre commensurate with reasonable life. a In carrying out the purposes of my invention I propose to employ novel forms of electric lamps of one type (preferably glowtype) for recording, and of another type gpreferably filament type) for reproducing. ommon to both of these types I propose to employ a heat resisting opaque light shield provided with a definitely defined orifice located within the usual glass bulb which serves to maintain the desired cooperative atmosphere for the primary light source. It is a further object of my invention to provide improved means combining primary and secondary light sources, both within a bulb and embodying in some instances filament type primary light sources and in other instances glow type primary light sources. Further objects of my invention are to provide auxiliary means in connection with a lamp providing such primary and secondary light sources while permitting the escape from the bulb of some radiant energy in the form of light and heat toprevent the injurious action of such escaping energy.

The further object of my invention is to attain all the objects above recitedexcept for any disadvantage which may arise from the em loyment of a so-called film slot, because t e employment of my light system in connection with a film slot is feasible, although the limiting and defining functions of such film slot are not necessary. This thought may be expressed by stating that much of my invention is applicable to apparatus in which any kind of a film slot is present and does not require the provision 3f a relatively large exposed surface of the The above and further objects of my invention will be set forth more in detail in the following claims which are directed to illustrative embodiments of my invention solely for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Theseillustrative embodiments of my invention are described in the following specification inconnection with the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is an illustrative diagrammatic showing of principles employed in my invention,

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic showing illustrating the limitations reducing the intensity of illumination below that which is required when employing a secondary light source materially separated from the primary light source,

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic vertical crosssection with parts shown in elevation of a preferred embodiment of my system for recording purposes,

Fig. 4 is a similar view of my system for reproducing purposes,

Fig. 5 is a vertical elevation with parts shown in section and with parts broken away of a preferred embodiment of my modulable primary and secondary light source lamp,

Fig. 6 is a side elevation thereof with parts shown in section,

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the lamp with parts shown in dotted lines,

Fi 8 is a view of the blank employed for t e protection of a light shield for the structure of Figs. 5, 6 and 7,

Fig. 9 is a front elevation by itself of a preferred embodiment of my electric primary and secondary lamp with parts broken away and parts shown in elevation.

Fig. 10 is a side view of the same with parts in section through the plane of line X of Fig. 9, and

Fig. 11 is a plan view with parts shown in dotted lines of the structure of Figs. 9 and 10.

Referring particularly to Fig. 3, any usual light-proof housing 1 mounts any suitable driving and guiding mechanism for the film A. In the diagram, wheels 2 and 3 may be driving sprocket wheels or guiding sprocket wheels with the film driven uniformly by a mechanism not shown across guiding trackers 4 and 5. A large window B formed in the wall 1 exposes a relatively large area 6 of the film A to the interior of the light-proof hood C. The window B may be sufiiciently large to preclude any trouble from collected dust. Or without losing any of the other advantages of my invention it may be a functionless film slot close against the film area 6, as described in my copending slot applications.

Within the hood C is mounted a relatively large optical condenser D which is shown ad ustable upon the fixed standard 10 for purposes of focusing, should adjustment be desired. It is preferred, however, that in commercial apparatus fixed mountlamp F may have any suitable electrode construction for its two electrodes 14 and 15 provided the ligllt glow servin as the primary source of 'ght is directe towards the window 11. a The heat resisting opaque shield G formed with a light orifice H preferably in the form of a minute rectan ular slot of accurate dimensions is suitab y in close proximity to the primary light source I, in this case the glowing area. c

The spacing. of the slot H and the s ze of the primary light source, together wlth the size and spacing of the condenser D relatively to the film 6 is such that although it is the image of the slot H as a secondary light source which is focused at H on the film A, straight line beams extend directly from the primary light source H itself to substantially every polnt on the surface of the condenser D. This is diagrammatically illustrated best in Fig. I viewed in contrast to Fig. 2 in which the limitations imposed by a different spacing are illustrated. In Fig. 2 a partition 9 is spaced outside of the bulb f in an attempt to employ its orifice h as a secondary light source. Dotted lines 20 have been drawn to indicate the extent of or the limiting divergence which the orifice h defines for a direct straight line ray from the primary light source J2. to a condenser d. The relatively large condenser D of Fig. 1 has been shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. Thus in Fig. 2 the available light for projection as an image 71. is less than one-ninth in Fig.

2 what it is in Fig. 1 because of the fact that the diameters of the objective (2 in Fig. 2 is one-third of the diameter of the objective D in Fig. 1. These diagrams well illustrate the qualitative difference brought about by the changes made possible by my invention.

65 tively positioned an of such a size as to ive the full direct line illumination by the ams 20 of the larged-sized condenser (Z. In this construction the window 11 instead of being in the wall of the hood C is in the wall of the auxiliary hood E, which of course is constructed of suitable material and with removable walls to prevent the mounting and replacement of the lamp L.

In the glow lamp structure, which I prefor to employ for recording purposes, shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the usual lamp bulb I of glass is .provided and is preferably seated in the vacuum tube type of base by means of cement- 31 with usual sealed lead-1n wires 32 and 33 leading to two prongs 34. and 35 of the four-prongs shown, four prongs being provided the better to insure proper seating when employing the usual vacuum tub socket as a mount. An opaque heat resist- .ing light'shield G is provided with an accurately formed minute light orifice H shaped preferably in the form of an open-ended envelope,'the sides 40 and 41 of which are spaced apart one from the other and extend upwardly from the bottom lips 42and 43 provide with notches 44, 45, 46 and 47 to accommodate the insulating tubes 48 and 49 which protect and insulate the upstanding supports 50 and 51. These tubes may be constructed satisfactorily of isolantite, or of quartz, or of heat resisting vitreous material. It should be noted that one of the supports, such as 49, may be the lead-in 33 electrically connecting the inner electrode 60. In this construction, the shield H constitutes one of the electrodes, namely, the cathode, and functions as that in addition to its function as a shield. The anode comprises spaced upstanding leaves 61 and 62. In assembling the parts, it is preferred to employ bendable ears 63 and 64 as shown in the drawings, the blanks shown in Fig. 8 being adapted to be bent along the dotted and dash lines into the formshown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. The metal to be employed for the electrodes may be any suitable heat resisting metal, preferably nickel or chromium. In'its f1mctioning,-the glow occurs within the space between the leaves 61 and 62 and constitutes the primary light source I. The secondary light source is the orifice H and it is to be noted, utilizes the full depth or end-on illumination of the globe between the leaves 61 and 62, the lamp being adapted for the use of beams extending1 upwardly from the showing in Figs. 5 an 6.

In Fig. 9 the usual electric lamp bulb is employed mounted in the same base construction as that described for Figs. 5 and 6, but in this case leads 71 and 72 sealed in as is usual in good practice supply the spirally curled filament K with electric energy from the prongs 73 and 74. Mounted by suitable supports 75- and 76 is the cylindrical shield M of opaque heat resisting metal, such as Ill tungsten or chromium. In this shield is ac curately formed a minute light orifice N preferably in the form of a minute rectangular slot serving as a secondary light source. Extending laterally outwardly from this secondary light source N are Wings 80 and 81 which serve to cool the shield and also to shield any light which may escape from the coolin windows 82 and 83. In its formation, the shield M may be fabricated from a sheet metal stamping, which after it is welded together along the abuttin edges 84 and 85, may be treated totrue t e dimensions of the slot N.

- .What I claim and desire to secure by. United States Letters Patent is:

1'. In the art of photographic sound recording andreproducing involving a moving film for the photographic sound-record, generating light from a primary light source of substantial size as to its smallest dimension and at a short distance from the moving film; maintaining a lar eiarea of said film uncovered on the side acing said light source and free from any film contacting part within the. zone of any light beam from said source; forming a secondary light source in the shape of a minute substantially perfect short line of light contiguous to said primary light source by exposing a minutely slotted shield to the light spherically transmitted vfrom said rimary source, without interveningly focusing said primary light source upon said minutely slotted shield; focusing an image of said secondary source in its entirety in the form of a short transverse line upon said moving film by means of an optical condenser of large light collecting area and arranging the proximity of said minutely slotted shield to said primary source and the transverse dimensions of said primary source and the positioning and size of said condenser so as to maintain a commercially practicable small space occupied by said parts, a practicable small candle power for said primary light source by causing as a result of the aforesaid arran ement a direct straight line illumination 0 substantially every point upon the surface of said condenser from a light-emitting point of said primary source through said minutely slotted shield.

2. In an illuminating system for photographic sound-records, a film for the sound record; means for operatively moving said film; a walled enclosure for shielding said film against exposure to light and provided with a relatively large window exposing a relatively large area of the face of said film; an optical condenser opposite the exposed face of said film; a primary light source of too great a transverse size for its image to be focused in the form of a reduced image upon said film of sufliciently small dimensions for sound photographic recording or light image of the desired shape and dimensions upon said film for the purpose of photographically recording or reproducing a sound-record, said condenser, said rimary light source and saidsecondary light source being s aced and proportioned to effect' straight 'ne' illumination of substantially all of said condenser surface from said primary light source.

In witness whereof I have signed my name to this specification the 5th day of November, 1928.

THEODORUS H. NAKKEN. 

